Watch out for anything that shines
Try not ride where debris collects. Glass, nails, wire, small sharp rocks, etc., are all pushed to the shoulder of the road by the sweeping action of car tires. Always keep alert for any shiny stuff ahead because it’s most likely that that’s where the small shards of broken glass are. If it gets stuck in your tire, it can gradually work its way in and eventually cause a puncture. If I see a broken glass in my path, I get off and walk the bike around it.
Rub away your troubles
If I didn’t see it in time, I immediately get off and check the tires and dislodge any debris using the thick padded part of my glove against the tire as it turns a couple of times. If you do this, you prevent anything that is embedded into you tires from getting deeper where it can damage the bike tube.
Super Glue
After a ride, inspect your tires. If do you see a cut or puncture during an inspection, dig out any debris and then seal the hole with super glue. To help set the sealant in the gouge, let the air out of your tire, wait a few minutes, then pump it full again.
If you need to remove and install a bicylice tire, check out this amazing video.